Calla lilies are elegant, trumpet-shaped flowers that bring a sense of sophistication to any garden or indoor space. Known for their striking blooms and lush foliage, these plants are a favorite among gardeners. Whether you’re looking to propagate calla lilies to expand your collection or dig them up for storage or transplanting, this guide will walk you through every step with Master Gardener tips for success.

What Are Calla Lilies?

Calla lilies (Zantedeschia spp.) are perennial plants native to South Africa, prized for their vibrant colors and long-lasting blooms. They thrive both in garden beds and as houseplants.

Propagating calla lilies allows you to multiply your collection, while digging them up is essential for overwintering in colder climates or relocating them to new garden spaces. With the right timing and care, you can enjoy these stunning flowers year after year.

How to Propagate Calla Lilies

Propagation gives you more plants to enjoy or share. The two main methods are division and seed propagation. Division is faster and more reliable for home gardeners.

1. Propagating Calla Lilies by Division

Division involves separating the rhizomes (underground stems) of mature plants to create new ones. This is best done during the dormant season — fall or early spring.

Steps to Propagate by Division –

• Choose the Right Time – Wait until the foliage dies back naturally after the first frost, or divide before new growth in spring.
• Dig Up the Rhizomes – Carefully dig around the plant with a garden fork or shovel to avoid damaging the rhizomes.
• Separate the Rhizomes – Shake off excess soil and identify sections with at least one “eye” or growth point. Cut into sections using a clean, sharp knife.
• Prepare for Planting – Dust the cut ends with fungicide to prevent rot, and let them dry for 1–2 days in a cool, airy spot to callus over.
• Replant the Divisions – Plant 3–4 inches deep with the eyes facing up, spacing 12–18 inches apart. Water thoroughly.
• Care for New Plants – Keep soil moist (not soggy). New shoots should appear within a few weeks.

Master Gardener Tip – Divide calla lilies every 3–4 years to maintain healthy growth and prevent overcrowding.

2. Propagating Calla Lilies from Seeds

Though slower, growing calla lilies from seed can be rewarding if you want to experiment with new hybrids. Expect 2–3 years before your first blooms.

Steps to Propagate from Seeds –

• Collect Seeds – Harvest mature pods once they turn brown.
• Prepare Seeds – Soak them in warm water for 24 hours to soften the outer shell.
• Sow Seeds – Plant in seed-starting mix and cover lightly. Keep warm (70–75°F) and humid with indirect light.
• Transplant Seedlings – Once 2–3 leaves develop, move seedlings into pots. Grow indoors or in a greenhouse until strong enough for transplanting outdoors.

How to Dig Up Calla Lilies

In USDA zones 7 and below, calla lilies must be dug up before winter. This also applies when you plan to divide or relocate them.

Steps to Dig Up Calla Lilies –

• Timing is Key – Wait until after the first frost or when foliage naturally yellows and dies back.
• Prepare Tools – Use a garden fork or spade and a bucket for transport.
• Dig Carefully – Start 6–8 inches from the plant base and lift the root system gently.
• Clean the Rhizomes – Shake off excess soil and trim foliage to about 1 inch.
• Dry the Rhizomes – Cure in a dry, ventilated area for 1–2 weeks to prevent rot.
• Store Properly – Place in paper bags or boxes filled with peat moss, vermiculite, or sawdust. Store in a cool (45–55°F), dark, dry location.
• Check Periodically – Inspect every few weeks for mold or rot and remove affected sections.

Master Gardener Tip – Label stored rhizomes by color or variety to keep your collection organized.

Impact on Blooms When Propagating or Transplanting

Propagation and transplanting can temporarily affect bloom timing and vigor. Here’s what to expect:

Delays in Bloom Time –

• Division – Newly divided plants may bloom 1–2 months later as they re-establish.
• Seeds – Expect 2–3 years before first blooms.
• Transplanting – Bloom delay of several weeks is common due to root disturbance.

Bloom Quantity –

• Divisions may produce fewer blooms the first year (1–3 per plant) but increase as rhizomes mature.
• Seed-grown plants bloom sparsely the first year but reach full production in 3–4 years.

Overall Vigor –
Temporary slowdown is normal. Use a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10) and ensure consistent moisture and good drainage for quick recovery.

Tips to Maximize Blooms –

• Plant rhizomes 3–4 inches deep.
• Avoid moving plants during active growth.
• Provide sunlight and spacing to encourage airflow.

Tips for Success with Calla Lilies

• Soil – Rich, well-draining, slightly acidic (pH 6.0–6.5).
• Watering – Keep moist but not soggy; reduce during dormancy.
• Light – Full sun to partial shade; afternoon shade helps in hot climates.
• Fertilizing – Feed monthly with 10-10-10 during the growing season.
• Pest Control – Watch for aphids and spider mites; treat with insecticidal soap.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Overwatering during dormancy – causes rhizome rot.
• Storing rhizomes in damp, warm places – leads to mold or sprouting.
• Cutting rhizomes without visible eyes – prevents regrowth.
• Planting too deep or shallow – affects sprouting and moisture balance.

Why Propagate and Dig Up Calla Lilies

• Cost Savings – Expand your garden without buying new plants.
• Plant Health – Dividing prevents overcrowding and disease.
• Winter Protection – Digging ensures survival in frost-prone zones.
• Customization – Share or reposition plants for fresh designs.

FAQs About Propagating and Digging Up Calla Lilies

Q: When is the best time to propagate calla lilies?
A: Fall or early spring when the plant is dormant.

Q: Can I leave calla lilies in the ground over winter?
A: In zones 8–10, yes, with mulch protection. In colder zones, dig and store indoors.

Q: How long do rhizomes last in storage?
A: Several months if kept cool, dry, and dark.

Q: Do calla lilies spread on their own?
A: Yes, slowly through rhizomes, but dividing keeps them healthy and contained.

Conclusion

Propagating and digging up calla lilies is simple and rewarding. With a little timing and care, you’ll enjoy years of lush, colorful blooms.

Follow these steps, avoid common mistakes, and watch your garden flourish with elegant calla lilies.

Ready to get started? Grab your trowel, dig in, and share your propagation success stories in the comments!

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